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Insights · Strategy

You’re Driving With the Windscreen Steamed Up

By Chris Willman · Strategy

The short answer

Most businesses can describe their customer and very few can picture one. A description is a segment, which is a rear view mirror. A picture is a specific person, in a specific situation, at the moment something made them start looking. You get from one to the other with 5 phone calls and 3 questions, and it takes about 100 minutes. The reason almost nobody does it is not effort. It is that you might find out you have been aiming at the wrong people for 2 years.

It is a cold morning, you are already late and the windscreen has fogged over. You know how this goes. You do not sit there waiting for the demister to do its job. You wipe a patch with your sleeve, roughly the size of a dinner plate, and you set off.

And it works, sort of. You can see the road directly ahead. You know this route. You are moving at a perfectly reasonable speed. The only thing you have lost is everything happening at the edges, which is where all the things you might hit tend to come from.

Within a minute it has fogged over again, so you wipe it again, one hand on the wheel.

I have yet to meet a business that does not do a version of this with its customers.

The fog came from inside the car

Here is the part of the analogy that matters most and gets skipped.

The windscreen did not fog because of the weather. It fogged because of your own breath. The moisture is coming from the people inside the vehicle. Nothing external did this to you and nothing external is going to fix it.

The same is true of customer clarity. Nobody outside your business made you vague about who you sell to. It happened gradually, from the inside, through a hundred reasonable decisions. You took on a customer slightly outside the pattern because the money was good. Somebody asked what your market was and you gave a slightly wider answer than was strictly true, because a wider answer sounds more impressive. A new service got added. A sector got mentioned on the website because you had done one project in it.

None of those were mistakes. Together they are why you cannot see out.

The marketing sleeve wipe

Ask most owners who they sell to and you will get an answer inside 3 seconds. SMEs in the South East. Mid market IT. Professional services firms of 50 to 250 people. Ambitious businesses that want to grow.

That is the sleeve wipe. It clears just enough view to keep going. It is not wrong, it is just far too small to steer by, and it fogs back over the moment you try to make an actual decision with it. Which channel. Which message. Which event. Which 3 words go at the top of the home page.

The reason it feels sufficient is that it is comfortable and it is fast, and you are late.

The dangerous part is that it does not slow you down

This is the bit that catches out intelligent people.

If a lack of clarity stopped you, you would fix it. It does not. The spending continues at exactly the same rate. The confidence continues at exactly the same rate. The team still has a plan, the agency still has a brief, the calendar still fills up.

The only variable that changed is visibility, and visibility is the one thing nobody puts on a dashboard. So it degrades quietly for years while every reported number looks broadly fine.

Aiming at the authority instead of the pain

I watched this happen at scale in enterprise technology, and it is the clearest example I have.

The business was mid pivot, moving from one part of the market into another with a genuinely strong new product in security infrastructure. The instinct was that a new segment needed to be won from the top, so the aim went high. C-suite, consistently, with the budget to match. Executive events, executive content, executive everything. Nothing about the execution was poor. It was expensive, it was well run and it was pointed at the wrong people.

Because the person who actually connected with the product sat 2 levels further down. They were the ones living the problem it solved, every day. They reported into the executive, of course, but they carried far more influence over whether this thing got bought, for the simple reason that they were the only ones who felt the pain being described.

Nothing was strictly wasted. It was just deeply inefficient, which is harder to spot and therefore worse. The same money aimed 2 levels lower would have reached more organisations and started more real conversations, because it would have been landing on people who recognised the situation being described.

When the profile was rebalanced, the messaging changed almost immediately, and traction followed. The right pain in front of the right person produces a valuable conversation. Then, and only then, does it make sense to move up the chain, selectively, on the back of an opportunity that already exists.

The lesson generalises well beyond enterprise security. Authority signs. Pain initiates. Aim at the authority and you are paying premium rates to talk to someone who has to have the problem explained to them.

The term, once, and then I will put it down

The formal name for the clear windscreen is an ideal customer profile. ICP, if you have been to enough conferences.

I am wary of the acronym, because it makes a simple thing sound like a deliverable, and the moment it sounds like a deliverable somebody produces a 40 page document containing 4 invented people with alliterative names, everyone agrees it is very thorough and nobody opens it again.

The plain version is this. It is the ability to picture a specific person, in a specific situation, at a specific moment, and to know what made that moment start them looking. If you can hold that picture, most marketing decisions answer themselves. If you cannot, budget will not compensate, because you are spending it at the edges you cannot see.

But we sell to all sorts of people

This is the first objection every time, and it is usually true. So let me deal with it properly, because the misunderstanding buried in it costs more than the fog does.

Narrowing your picture is not narrowing who you will accept money from.

You still take the business that walks through the door. You still say yes to the odd project outside the pattern. Nobody is asking you to turn away revenue and anybody who does is not paying your wages.

What the picture governs is where you aim, which is a completely different question. Aiming is what you do with the finite money and the finite hours: the campaign, the event, the page, the outreach list, the talk you agree to give. You cannot aim at everybody. You can only aim at somebody and remain open to everybody, and the businesses that grow are almost always doing exactly that whether they describe it that way or not.

The wide answer is not a strategy. It is a description of who has bought so far, which is a rear view mirror, and you cannot steer with one of those either.

The 90 second test

Try this now, before you read on.

Name the last 5 customers who bought from you. Most owners can do this instantly.

Now, for each of those 5, tell me what was happening in their business in the 30 days before they contacted you.

This is where it usually goes quiet.

The first half of that question is a customer list, and a customer list tells you who bought. The second half is the only part that tells you when to show up, and when to show up is what you are actually buying every time you spend a pound on marketing.

Somebody lost a big account. Somebody hired a sales director who asked an awkward question. Somebody had a number queried at a board meeting. Somebody watched a competitor turn up at a trade show looking suspiciously well organised. Somebody, 2 levels below the executive, had one bad week too many with a problem they had been quietly absorbing for a year.

People do not buy because you appeared. They buy because something happened and then you appeared. Miss the something and you are paying full price to be visible on all the days it did not happen.

The demister

The honest fix is not a workshop. It is 5 conversations, and it takes about 100 minutes spread over a fortnight.

Ring 5 customers who bought in the last 18 months and ask for 20 minutes. Not a survey. Not a form. A conversation.

Ask 3 questions.

What was going on in the business the week you started looking?

What did you type into a search bar, or who did you ask?

What nearly stopped you choosing us?

The third one is the question that hurts and the question that pays. Nobody volunteers the answer and almost everybody has one.

Who to call, and who not to

Call the ones who bought recently, because memory decays fast and the detail is the entire value.

Call at least 1 who very nearly did not buy. They will tell you more in 20 minutes than 4 happy customers will in an hour.

Do not call your favourites. They like you, they will be generous, and generous is useless here.

Do not have the salesperson make the call. Customers are polite to salespeople and politeness is fog.

What you do with the answers

The value is not in any single conversation. It is in the repeats.

If 3 of the 5 use roughly the same phrase to describe the problem, that phrase belongs at the top of your home page, in their words rather than yours. You did not write it, which is precisely why it works.

If 4 of the 5 describe the same trigger event, you have just found your timing. That is what your campaigns should be built around and it is very unlikely to be the calendar you are currently working to.

If the answers to the third question keep landing in the same place, you have found the objection you have never once addressed in your marketing, because nobody ever said it to your face.

What it should look like on paper

One page. Not 40. Five things:

  1. The trigger. What happens in their world immediately before they start looking
  2. The person. Their actual job title and where they sit, including how far from the money they are
  3. What they tried first, before they found you
  4. What they are afraid of. Usually a repeat of something that went wrong before
  5. The words they use. Verbatim, not translated into your language

If you cannot fill in all 5 from real conversations rather than from memory, you have a description and not a picture.

Why nobody does it

It is not difficult and it is not expensive, so the resistance is not really about effort.

It is that you might find out you have been aiming at the wrong people for 2 years. That the segment named in every pitch deck since 2023 is not where the money has actually come from. That the reason the campaigns are underperforming is not the campaigns.

That is an uncomfortable thing to learn in month 1 of a financial year, and wiping the patch again is much easier.

But the patch will fog over, at the same rate it always has, and you will still be doing 60 down a road whose edges you cannot see. The demister takes 2 minutes. Then the whole windscreen is clear, and it stays clear, and you can finally see the thing that was about to come out of the junction.

Big Brand Blueprint

Chris Willman

Marketing Advisor, Author and Speaker

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